A Complete Guide to Understanding Acne
Acne can break out anywhere on your skin, but it most commonly affects the face, neck, shoulders, back, and chest.
Your skin has small pores that can get clogged with oil, bacteria, dead skin cells, and dirt. When this happens, pimples (or zits) can form.
If you often get pimples, especially several at once, you may have acne. Acne is the condition that causes pimples.
Acne is very common. In fact, about 9.4% of people worldwide have it. In the U.S., it’s the most common skin condition, according to the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD).
Although acne isn’t usually harmful to your overall health, it can be painful, especially if it’s severe. Over time, it can also lead to scarring.
Acne can also affect your emotional health. Pimples and scars on your face or other visible parts of your body can lower your self-esteem and confidence, and may even cause anxiety or depression.
If you have acne, know that it’s a common issue. And the good news is that it’s treatable. There are many effective treatments that can help reduce pimples and prevent scarring.
Common Types of Acne and Their Symptoms
If you have acne, you might notice different types of pimples appearing on your skin.
The most common types are whiteheads and blackheads, also called comedones:
- Blackheads (open comedones) open up to the surface of your skin. The dark color comes from oxygen in the air, not dirt.
- Whiteheads (closed comedones) form as small, raised bumps under the skin and stay flesh-colored.
There are also inflammatory lesions, which are more likely to leave scars. These include:
- Papules: Small, red bumps caused by infected or inflamed hair follicles.
- Pustules: Red pimples with pus at the top.
- Nodules: Solid, painful lumps that form deeper under your skin.
- Cysts: Large, painful lumps filled with pus, typically under the skin.
What Are the Signs of Acne?
Acne can show up almost anywhere on your body, but it’s most common on your:
- face and neck
- back
- shoulders
- chest
Pimples can make your skin feel bumpy or uneven.
With acne, you may also notice:
- dark spots or patches (hyperpigmentation) and redness
- swelling or inflammation
- pain or tenderness, even when you’re not touching it
Acne breakouts can leave scars or discolor your skin.
It’s tempting to pop pimples, but doing so can increase your risk of scarring. Instead of squeezing, try following tips to treat your acne safely.
What Are the Common Triggers of Acne?
Acne happens when your skin’s pores get clogged with oil, dead skin cells, or bacteria.
Each pore on your skin connects to a hair follicle, which contains an oil gland called the sebaceous gland. This gland produces oil, or sebum, that travels up the hair and out of the pore to keep your skin soft and moisturized.
When something goes wrong in this process, it can lead to acne.
Acne can occur when:
- Your skin produces too much oil.
- Dead skin cells build up and block your pores.
- Bacteria get trapped in your pores.
These issues cause pimples when the bacteria inside the clogged pore can’t escape, leading to an infection.
Factors That Increase Your Risk of Acne
Experts still aren’t sure why some people get acne and others don’t, but they have identified several factors that can contribute to or worsen acne. These include:
- Hormonal changes from puberty or pregnancy
- Conditions like polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and other hormonal issues
- Smoking
- Lack of sleep
- Stress
- Beauty products with high oil content, like certain cleansers, creams, and moisturizers
- Medications such as lithium, some types of birth control, anticonvulsants, and steroids
- A family history of acne
You’re most likely to get acne during puberty, when hormonal changes trigger more oil production in the skin. Luckily, acne usually improves once you reach adulthood, and for some people, breakouts stop completely.
Additionally, some studies suggest that what you eat might affect your acne:
- Low glycemic index diet: Eating fewer refined carbs and sugary foods may help reduce acne.
- Milk products: Some people find that milk and ice cream worsen acne, though cheese and non-dairy milk products don’t seem to have the same effect.
- Fatty acids: Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids might help reduce acne breakouts.
- Vegan and vegetarian diets: While these diets are healthy, there’s little evidence to show that they specifically treat acne.
- Probiotics, which are found in foods like yogurt, fermented products, and supplements, may help with acne. However, experts haven’t yet found solid proof that probiotics are an effective treatment for acne.
How to Get a Diagnosis
If you think you have acne, it’s a good idea to see a dermatologist for a diagnosis.
A dermatologist can look at your skin to figure out what type of acne you have and how severe it is. They can then create a treatment plan that’s best for you.
Acne Treatment
The treatment for acne depends on how severe it is.
Mild Acne
For mild acne, you can use over-the-counter (OTC) creams, cleansers, and spot treatments to tackle pimples as they appear.
Common ingredients in these products include:
- Benzoyl peroxide: Helps dry out pimples, prevents new ones, and kills bacteria that cause acne.
- Salicylic acid: Helps exfoliate your skin, preventing clogged pores and acne-causing bacteria.
Moderate Acne
If over-the-counter (OTC) acne treatments don’t work after several weeks, it’s a good idea to consult a doctor.
A dermatologist can prescribe stronger medications to help reduce acne and prevent scarring.
For moderate acne, your doctor might suggest:
- Prescription-strength benzoyl peroxide
- Antibiotics like erythromycin or clindamycin
- Retinoids like retinol
In some cases, they might also recommend oral antibiotics or hormonal birth control to manage acne.
Antibiotics are usually prescribed for a short time to avoid building resistance and to reduce the risk of infections.
Severe Acne
For severe acne, treatment might include a combination of:
- Oral antibiotics
- Benzoyl peroxide
- Topical antibiotics
- Topical retinoids
Your dermatologist may also recommend hormonal birth control or oral isotretinoin (Accutane).
Accutane is a strong vitamin-A medication used for severe acne. It has serious side effects, so doctors typically prescribe it only when other treatments don’t work.
Your dermatologist might suggest medical treatments for severe acne to prevent scarring and help with skin healing. These treatments work by removing damaged skin and lowering oil production. Some options include:
- Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): This treatment uses a special light or laser along with medication to reduce oil and bacteria on the skin. Other laser treatments can also help with both acne and scarring.
- Dermabrasion: This procedure uses a rotating brush to remove the top layers of your skin. It’s mostly used to treat acne scars rather than active acne. A gentler version called microdermabrasion helps remove dead skin cells.
- Chemical Peel: A chemical solution is applied to your skin to remove the top layers and reveal healthier skin underneath. This can help with mild acne scarring.
- Cortisone Injections: These injections reduce swelling and speed up healing. They are often used for large cysts and are typically combined with other acne treatments.
Natural Ways to Manage Acne
You’ve likely heard of many home remedies for acne, but not all of them are effective—and some can even make acne worse. Instead of using things like toothpaste, try these simple at-home tips to help clear up acne and prevent future breakouts:
- Use tea tree oil: Known for its antibacterial properties, it can help reduce acne.
- Apply aloe vera: Aloe has soothing and anti-inflammatory effects that can calm the skin.
- Try a honey mask: Honey has natural antibacterial and healing qualities.
- Use green tea: It has antioxidants that can help reduce inflammation and acne.
- Avoid touching your face: Touching your face can transfer bacteria and oil, leading to breakouts.
- Don’t squeeze or pick pimples: Picking at pimples can cause scarring and spread bacteria.
These simple steps can help improve your skin and prevent acne from getting worse.
What to Expect When Living with Acne
Having acne can be tough, and it’s important to remember that it’s not something you should be judged for. Although acne can make you feel isolated or self-conscious, you’re not alone in this — almost everyone gets pimples at some point, and many adults continue to deal with acne.
The good news is that acne is treatable, and with the right treatment, your skin can start to improve within weeks.
Seeking treatment early can also help prevent scarring. If you already have scars, a dermatologist can recommend treatments to reduce their appearance.
Even with treatment, acne flare-ups can still occur from time to time. For persistent acne, you might need ongoing or different treatments. Working with a dermatologist can help you find the best solution for your acne.
Tips for Avoiding Acne Breakouts
While you might not be able to completely prevent acne, there are things you can do at home to reduce the chances of breakouts. Here are some helpful tips:
- Wash your face daily with an oil-free cleanser.
- Use an over-the-counter acne cleanser to get rid of extra oil.
- Choose water-based makeup or products labeled “noncomedogenic” (less likely to clog pores).
- Avoid skin care and makeup products that contain oil.
- Always remove makeup and clean your face thoroughly before going to bed.
- Shower or wash your face after exercise.
- Keep long hair tied back to avoid it touching your face.
- Avoid tight hats, headbands, or clothes that cover areas prone to breakouts.
- Eat a healthy, balanced diet and drink plenty of water.
- Find ways to reduce stress.
A dermatologist can give you more tips and help you manage acne better.
Dealing with acne can be tough, but there are many treatments that can help clear up breakouts and heal your skin. If you keep having painful or long-lasting breakouts, a dermatologist can help create a treatment plan to make your skin clearer and reduce scarring.
Different Types of Acne and How to Treat Them
A Complete Guide to Understanding Acne
Acne can be either non-inflammatory or inflammatory. Within these types, there are different kinds, such as whiteheads, blackheads, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts.
How you treat acne depends on which type you have.
Acne, or breakouts, can refer to different types, and not all of them spread across your skin.
Acne happens when pores get clogged, often due to:
- Excess oil (sebum)
- Bacteria
- Hormonal changes
- Dead skin cells
- Ingrown hairs
While acne is often linked to teenage years and hormonal changes, adults can get acne too. In fact, about 17 million Americans have it, making it one of the most common skin conditions.
Knowing which type of acne you have is important for finding the right treatment. Acne can be either noninflammatory or inflammatory. Different types of acne include:
- Blackheads
- Whiteheads
- Papules
- Pustules
- Nodules
- Cysts
You might have more than one type at once. If your acne is severe, it may be a good idea to see a dermatologist. If you don’t have one yet, you can find one in your area using the Healthline FindCare tool.
Keep reading to learn more about the different types of acne and how to treat them.
Understanding Acne and Its Different Forms
Noninflammatory Acne
Noninflammatory acne includes blackheads and whiteheads, which don’t cause swelling. These types of acne usually respond well to over-the-counter (OTC) treatments.
Salicylic acid is often recommended for acne and works particularly well for noninflammatory acne. It helps exfoliate the skin by removing dead skin cells that can clog pores and cause blackheads and whiteheads. Look for salicylic acid in cleansers, toners, and moisturizers.
Blackheads (Open Comedones)
Blackheads form when a pore gets clogged with sebum (oil) and dead skin cells. The top of the pore remains open, which causes the characteristic black color on the surface.
Whiteheads (Closed Comedones)
Whiteheads also occur when a pore is clogged with sebum and dead skin cells. However, with whiteheads, the top of the pore closes up, forming a small bump under the skin.
Whiteheads can be harder to treat because the pore is closed. Salicylic acid can still help, but topical retinoids are often more effective. Over-the-counter options like adapalene (Differin) are available, but if they don’t work, stronger prescription retinoids can be prescribed by a dermatologist.
Inflammatory Acne
Inflammatory acne refers to pimples that are red and swollen. This type of acne is caused by a combination of sebum (oil), dead skin cells, and bacteria that clog the pores. The bacteria can cause infections deep under the skin, leading to painful, stubborn acne that’s difficult to treat.
Products with benzoyl peroxide can help reduce swelling and kill the bacteria inside the skin. These products can also control excess oil. For more severe cases, a doctor may prescribe oral or topical antibiotics along with benzoyl peroxide to help treat the acne. Topical retinoids can also be useful in treating inflammatory acne like papules and pustules.
Papules
Papules happen when the walls around the pores break down due to inflammation, causing hard, tender bumps under the skin. The area around the bump is usually pink.
Pustules
Pustules form when the walls around your pores break down, too. But unlike papules, pustules are filled with pus and usually come to the surface of the skin. They’re often red and have a yellow or white tip.
Nodules
Nodules form when clogged, swollen pores become more irritated and grow larger. Unlike papules and pustules, nodules develop deeper beneath the skin.
Since nodules are deep under the skin, they can’t usually be treated with over-the-counter products. You’ll need a prescription from your doctor, who may prescribe isotretinoin (Sotret), a vitamin A-based medication, to reduce the size of oil glands and treat nodules.
Cysts
Cysts are large, painful bumps that form when pores are blocked by a mix of bacteria, oil, and dead skin cells. These clogs happen deep in the skin and are often larger than nodules.
Cysts are very painful and can leave scars. They are usually treated with isotretinoin (Sotret), the same medication used for nodules. In severe cases, a dermatologist may need to surgically remove the cysts.
“Which Types of Acne Are Mild, Moderate, or Severe?”
Blackheads and whiteheads are the mildest types of acne. You can usually treat them with over-the-counter (OTC) products like salicylic acid toners or benzoyl peroxide spot treatments. If those don’t work, topical retinoids can help, especially adapalene, which is now available without a prescription and works well for clearing up blackheads and whiteheads.
Pustules and papules are considered moderate acne. These may go away with OTC treatments, but if they don’t — or if the acne covers a large area — you might need a prescription from a dermatologist.
Nodules and cysts are the most serious types of acne. These deep, painful bumps won’t go away on their own or with OTC products, so it’s important to see a dermatologist. Trying to pop them can cause scarring.
Steps You Can Take Today
It’s important to be patient when treating acne. Some treatments may show results right away, but it can take several months to see noticeable improvement. Be careful not to overuse too many acne products at once, as this can dry out your skin. When your skin becomes too dry, it can produce more oil (sebum), which might actually lead to more acne.
Make sure the bumps or swelling you’re seeing are actually acne. Several other skin conditions can look similar to acne, but they’re different, such as:
- Folliculitis
- Keratosis pilaris
- Milia
- Rosacea
- Sebaceous filaments
- Sebaceous hyperplasia
The best way to get an accurate diagnosis is by seeing a dermatologist. In some cases, expert treatment may be necessary to fully clear up and manage your acne.
How to Treat Acne in 5 Minutes, Overnight, or Naturally for the Long Run
When acne suddenly shows up on your face, don’t stress…
There’s almost nothing more annoying than a surprise pimple popping up. We’ve all been there, but no matter how many times it happens, it always catches us off guard.
Take a deep breath—it’s okay.
Acne is the most common skin issue in the U.S., so chances are, you and pretty much everyone you know have dealt with a pimple or two (or twenty). This doesn’t mean you should love your acne, but it’s a good reminder that anyone who makes you feel bad about it isn’t seeing the bigger picture.
Acne doesn’t define you—your personality does, and that’s what makes your face beautiful!
Still, we get it—sometimes, you just want to pop that zit. Before you do, check out our list of the quickest, cleanest ways to treat blackheads, whiteheads, and cysts.
But remember: these treatments are for those one or two random breakouts, not your whole face. If you’re dealing with chronic acne, check out our tips for long-term solutions to help prevent future breakouts.
Quick Acne Treatments (30 Minutes or Less)
- Pimple Cover-Up (Under 1 Minute)
A little concealer can work wonders to hide any blemish.
- Use green concealer for redness, or salmon/orange concealer for darker skin tones with blue undertones.
- For smaller pimples, just use a skin-colored concealer to blend everything in.
Tip: Use good lighting, a small brush for precise application, and a blending sponge for a smooth finish.
Skin Tip: Always test the product on your skin first to avoid allergies. If you don’t wear makeup often, try a sample pack or even go without the cover-up. You might find people don’t notice as much as you think!
- Ice on Pimple (1 Minute or More)
Ice can really help calm down swollen, painful pimples like cysts, nodules, or pustules.
- Start by cleaning your face.
- Wrap an ice cube in a cloth or use a cold compress.
- Apply it to the pimple for about 1 minute, then remove.
If it’s still really swollen, you can repeat this, but wait about 5 minutes in between each session.
Do this daily until the pimple calms down enough to cover up.
- Acne Patches (20-Min Minimum)
Yes, those small sticky patches really can help shrink pimples! The time it takes depends on the type of acne and whether the pimple has a head or is open to release oil.
- Some patches can reduce pimple size in as little as 6 hours, while others work overnight.
Here’s how to use them: - Clean the area around the pimple.
- If it has a head, gently lance it with a sterilized tool.
- Stick the acne patch directly on the pimple and leave it for at least 20 minutes or overnight.
Keep in mind: Patches might not work the same for everyone, so it’s a bit of trial and error to find what works best for you.
- Draining a Pimple (5-15 Minutes)
While popping a pimple at home can seem tempting, dermatologists like Dr. Obagi warn that it can cause serious problems. If it’s a large cyst, it’s best to see a doctor. Using dirty tools can make things worse!
However, if you want to try draining it yourself, and you’re okay with potential scarring, here’s how:
- Clean your face first.
- Apply a warm compress to the pimple.
- Keep it on until the pimple drains.
If it’s a big, painful cyst, ice can help reduce the swelling in between warm compresses.
A Complete Guide to Understanding Acne
Directions for Draining a Pimple:
- Start with your usual cleansing routine. Don’t scrub too hard, just make sure your skin is clean.
- Once cleaned, apply a warm compress to the pimple. Keep it on until the pimple drains.
- If it’s a painful cyst, you can alternate with ice to help reduce swelling.
This method helps clear out any buildup in your pores without using your fingers or dirty tools, which can cause infection.
5. Mask Treatment (15-20 min):
Give your pimple some love with a mask treatment. First, cleanse and exfoliate your skin, then apply the mask.
Look for masks with ingredients like charcoal, Aztec clay, or sulfur clay, as they are great for fighting acne.
6. Cortisone Shots (4-8 hours):
For really painful acne, you can see your doctor for a cortisone shot. It’s a quick injection that can help reduce redness and speed up healing, usually taking 4 to 8 hours to work. It costs around $25+, depending on your insurance.
7. Spot Treatment (Overnight):
Spot treatment targets pimples directly, but it can take time. It’s best to follow up with an acne patch for extra help. For larger zits, you might want to ice the pimple before using spot treatment.
Here’s what you do:
- Clean your face and ice the pimple for less than 5 minutes.
- Then, apply your chosen over-the-counter pimple product.
Look for products that include acne-fighting ingredients like:
- Tea tree oil or witch hazel (essential oils)
- Sulfur cream
- Benzoyl peroxide
- Aloe vera
- Salicylic acid
- Cortisone cream
- A drying lotion
Once applied, don’t touch it—just let the product work overnight and give the pimple time to shrink.
“Quick Acne Solutions: How to Manage Breakouts in Just 3 Days”
Got a few days to calm down a breakout? Start by combining treatments like lancing, spot treatments, and acne patches. Or you could try masking, icing, and spot treatment again. The goal is to help drain the pimple while preventing dryness and scarring.
To give your skin a little extra help, follow this 3-day plan to strengthen both your inner and outer skin defenses:
- Get extra sleep
- Clean anything that touches your skin
- Drink more water
- Eat more plant-based foods
- Use acne patches every night as needed
It may take a little time, but keep in mind that everyday things like hair products can trigger acne. Obagi recommends avoiding hair products that could clog your pores. If you’re prone to acne, keep your hair off your face. After conditioning your hair in the shower, wash your back, chest, and face to remove any conditioner that may have gotten on your skin.
She also suggests keeping your hands off your face and paying attention to your diet, especially dairy and gluten, which could be causing breakouts.
Winning the Long-Term Battle
Even though we all want to get rid of acne quickly, chronic or recurring acne may require more serious treatment from the inside out.
At-home Blue LED Light (1 to 4 weeks)
Research on blue LED light for acne is still inconclusive, but many people have found it helpful. This treatment involves using the light for eight sessions of 10 to 20 minutes over a month.
Retinoid (2 to 4 weeks)
Retinoids not only help fight acne but also reduce scarring and smooth the skin. You should start seeing some improvements after applying it every other day for about 2 to 4 weeks.
Zinc (3 months)
Zinc is known for reducing inflammation and might help with chronic acne. It can be taken as a supplement, but it’s important to talk to a doctor before starting, as there can be side effects and risks.
See a Dermatologist
If other treatments don’t work, consider visiting a dermatologist. These skin experts can offer advice and may suggest treatments that aren’t available over-the-counter, like:
- Acne-fighting diet recommendations
- Prescription medications
- Hormonal therapy
- Chemical peels
- Laser therapy
“Steer Clear of These Acne Trigger Products”
Not all acne treatments are right for everyone, and some may not work well with your skin type. For example, masking can irritate sensitive skin, and if your skin takes longer to heal, lancing is something to avoid.
Be especially careful with DIY acne remedies that suggest using raw or undiluted ingredients like:
- Baking soda
- Garlic
- Honey
- Aspirin
- Apple cider vinegar
- Lemon juice
- Toothpaste
While some people swear by these, there’s no solid research to back them up, and they can cause more harm or irritation than help.
Instead, Obagi recommends starting with something you can find at your local drugstore. “Try over-the-counter acne treatments, like a retinol or retinaldehyde cream to help prevent breakouts, and use an acne wash or wipes with salicylic acid, witch hazel, or tea tree oil to help control acne.”
“Embrace Holistic Wellness for Clearer Skin”
How effective acne treatments are can vary from person to person, depending on skin type, lifestyle, and even the weather. It might take some trial and error to find what works for you! But there are lifestyle changes you can make that can help improve your skin.
As Obagi points out, one of the best things you can do for your acne is to focus on your overall well-being.
This looks different for everyone. For some, it means cutting out sugar from their diet or getting better sleep to help strengthen the body’s natural defenses. For others, it’s about accepting their acne and not stressing over it.
For us, it’s about a mix of all these things: focusing on our health, building confidence, and feeling good about ourselves so we can face the world with our best skin.
“Top Vitamins and Minerals for Fighting Acne”
Overview
Acne can affect anyone, regardless of age. While it’s most common in teenagers and sometimes in women going through menopause, about 50 million people in the U.S. experience acne each year.
Acne typically appears when there’s a hormonal imbalance. When the skin’s oil glands produce excess oil, pores can become clogged, allowing bacteria to grow and causing pimples.
Pimples can appear in many forms, such as blackheads, whiteheads, cysts, and nodules. To treat acne, many people turn to topical treatments like benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics like tetracycline, or oral medications like isotretinoin, which is used for moderate to severe acne.
Others prefer natural remedies, such as taking vitamin and mineral supplements. Do these natural options work? Let’s explore below.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A might help with acne, but it’s important to use it the right way.
Oral vitamin A supplements don’t work the same as topical treatments, according to experts at the University of Michigan. In fact, they advise against taking these supplements because they can do more harm than good. Since vitamin A is fat-soluble, it builds up in your body, and taking too much (over 10,000 IU) can be toxic. This is especially risky for pregnant women, so they should consult a doctor before taking any supplements.
However, when used topically, vitamin A can be very effective for acne. Most topical treatments turn the vitamin into a retinoid that you apply to your skin. According to the Mayo Clinic, retinoids are the best acne treatment because they help regenerate and heal skin quickly.
Some popular retinoid treatments (in order of least side effects) are tazarotene (Tazorac) and adapalene (Differin), but these require a prescription.
Pregnant women should avoid retinoids, and anyone using them should be cautious in the sun, as retinoids can make your skin more sensitive to UV rays. Be sure to use sunscreen and avoid prolonged sun exposure.
Zinc
Zinc is another mineral that can help with acne. It can be taken as an oral supplement or applied topically.
A recent review of studies found that zinc can reduce oil production in the skin and help fight bacteria and inflammation.
You only need a small amount of zinc each day — the recommended daily amount for adults is 8-11 milligrams (mg). Some studies suggest that taking up to 30 mg of zinc can help treat acne, but taking too much can be harmful. Excessive zinc intake can cause nausea and lead to a copper deficiency.
Topical zinc treatments can also be effective for acne. One study found that using a lotion with 1.2% zinc acetate and 4% erythromycin helped clear up skin significantly.
Myths and Truths
We’ve already talked about how vitamin A and zinc can help with acne, but you may have also heard that vitamin E could be a remedy. The relationship between vitamin E and acne isn’t as well-researched as with vitamin A or zinc. However, a recent study found that people with acne often have deficiencies in vitamin E, A, and zinc. So, it’s a good idea to make sure you’re getting the recommended daily amount of 15 mg of vitamin E.
You can easily find vitamin E supplements online.
Tea Tree Oil
Tea tree oil might also be helpful for acne. In one study, 30 people used tea tree oil gel for 45 days, while another group used a placebo. Those who used the gel saw better improvements in their acne.
Tea tree oil is a great alternative to benzoyl peroxide, a common ingredient in acne treatments. Like benzoyl peroxide, tea tree oil kills bacteria and reduces oil production. Both are available over-the-counter, but tea tree oil seems to cause fewer side effects, like itching, burning, and peeling.
Let’s take a closer look at blackheads and whiteheads — what causes them, how to treat them, and more.
Blackheads and whiteheads are both types of acne that appear as black or white bumps on your skin. They share similar causes and can often be treated in the same way.
Blackheads are small black dots, while whiteheads appear as white spots. Although they form differently, both can be treated with similar methods.
Here’s a closer look at what causes blackheads and whiteheads, along with tips for managing them.
“Understanding How Blackheads Form”
Blackheads, also known as open comedones, are skin-colored bumps that appear when a pimple forms. In blackheads, the pores beneath your skin are larger than usual.
When you have blackheads, these large pores get clogged with sebum (the oil your skin produces). A chemical reaction happens under your skin, causing the melanin in the sebum to oxidize and turn the pores black. Blackheads are most commonly found on your back, shoulders, and face.
How Whiteheads Form
Whiteheads, also called closed comedones, form when hair follicles under your skin get clogged with oil and bacteria. Unlike blackheads, whiteheads have a tiny opening on the skin’s surface, which prevents air from getting in. Because of this, the bacteria inside don’t turn dark like they do in blackheads. Whiteheads are most commonly found on your back, shoulders, and face.
Ways to Treat Blackheads and Whiteheads
Both blackheads and whiteheads are caused by clogged pores, so they can be treated in similar ways.
Over-the-counter (OTC) products can help clear them up.
Look for products that have benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid. These ingredients help remove oil and dead skin cells that block your pores. You can find facial washes, creams, and toners with these ingredients at most drug stores.
Some research also suggests that natural remedies like applying tea tree oil, taking bee pollen venom, or following a low-glycemic diet might help reduce acne for some people.
Most importantly, try not to touch your face too much.
It might be tempting to pick blackheads or pop whiteheads, but doing so can spread bacteria and cause more breakouts. It can also lead to scarring, discoloration, and irritated, painful skin.
Debunking Common Acne Myths
There are a lot of myths about acne and skincare that can be confusing. Here’s a deeper look into some of the most common ones and the truth behind them:
Myth 1: Eating chocolate causes pimples
Many people believe that eating chocolate leads to breakouts, but the reality is that diet plays only a small part in causing acne. The idea that chocolate causes pimples has been around for a long time, but research doesn’t fully support this claim. The connection between food and acne is still unclear. However, some studies have found that certain foods, like milk, may trigger acne in some people. This could be why people often associate chocolate with breakouts, as many chocolate products contain milk.
If you suspect that certain foods are affecting your skin, try keeping a food diary. Write down what you eat each day and note any changes in your skin to see if there’s a pattern. Everyone’s skin reacts differently, so identifying specific triggers can help you understand what works best for your body.
Myth 2: Washing your face frequently will stop breakouts
It’s easy to assume that washing your face more often will prevent pimples, but the truth is, washing your face too much can actually make things worse. Over-washing can strip your skin of its natural oils, which can cause irritation and lead to even more breakouts. Scrubbing your face harshly or using very strong cleansers can damage your skin’s protective barrier, making it more prone to acne.
The key is to wash your face gently, no more than twice a day — once in the morning and once before bed. Use a mild cleanser that’s appropriate for your skin type. After washing, gently pat your skin dry with a clean towel. This will help avoid irritation and maintain a healthy balance for your skin.
Myth 3: Popping pimples will get rid of them
It’s tempting to pop a pimple when it’s right in front of your face, but this is one of the biggest mistakes you can make for your skin. While popping a pimple might make it look smaller temporarily, it actually makes the problem worse in the long run. When you pop a pimple, you push bacteria and dirt deeper into your skin, which can increase inflammation and make the pimple more swollen. This can also lead to further breakouts in the surrounding areas.
Popping pimples can also cause scarring and discoloration, especially if you do it repeatedly. The best approach is to leave pimples alone and let them heal naturally. If you need to reduce redness or swelling, there are treatments like spot treatments with benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid that can help without the risks of picking at your skin.
Myth 4: Makeup makes breakouts worse
This isn’t always true. You can wear makeup, but it’s important to choose the right kind. Look for products labeled “non-acnegenic” or “noncomedogenic,” meaning they won’t clog your pores or irritate your skin. Also, be sure to clean your makeup brushes regularly or replace them often.
Some makeup products can even help your skin, especially those with ingredients like benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid, which are commonly used in acne treatments.
If you think your makeup might be causing breakouts, it’s a good idea to talk to a healthcare professional who can help figure out what might be causing your skin issues.
Myth 5: Tanning can clear up your acne
While getting some sun might temporarily make your skin look clearer, it’s not a long-term solution. Sun exposure can dry out and irritate your skin, which can actually lead to more pimples. Plus, too much sun can cause premature aging and increase the risk of skin cancer. If you’re heading outdoors, make sure to use a sunscreen that’s “noncomedogenic” or “non-acnegenic” and has an SPF of at least 15 to protect your skin.
Conclusion
Understanding the truth behind these myths is important for taking care of your skin and managing acne. Remember, everyone’s skin is different, and finding what works for you may take some time and experimentation. But avoiding harsh products, being gentle with your skin, and not picking at pimples are key steps to maintaining healthy, clear skin.
Tips for Preventing Breakouts
Taking good care of your skin can help keep blackheads and whiteheads from becoming a bigger issue. Here are some simple tips to help prevent breakouts:
- Wash your face twice a day with a mild soap to keep it clean.
- Use over-the-counter (OTC) products with benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acid to help reduce excess oil and keep pores clear.
- Choose oil-free makeup that won’t clog your pores.
- Always remove makeup before bed to prevent buildup on your skin overnight.
- Avoid touching your face throughout the day to keep bacteria from spreading to your skin.
- Don’t pick or pop pimples – this can make acne worse and cause scarring.
- Use water-based hair products to avoid clogging pores. Even better, keep your hair away from your face.
If you’ve tried these tips but still have trouble with acne or have severe breakouts, it might be time to visit a doctor or dermatologist. They can offer stronger treatments, including medications, and help create a skincare routine that works best for you.
6 Natural Remedies for Pregnancy Acne
Pregnancy can affect your skin, making breakouts more common. It’s also a time when you might be more cautious about what you apply to your skin. If you’re dealing with acne during pregnancy, here are six natural remedies you can try at home.
Many women experience acne during pregnancy, especially in the first and second trimesters. The main cause is an increase in hormones called androgens, which make the skin glands grow and produce more oil (sebum). This extra oil can clog pores, leading to bacteria, inflammation, and breakouts.
If you’re someone who tends to get breakouts before your period, you might be more likely to experience pregnancy acne. The good news is that pregnancy and postpartum acne is usually temporary and should clear up once your hormones return to normal.
“Natural Solutions for Managing Acne During Pregnancy”
Here are some easy tips for treating acne during pregnancy, including natural remedies and simple skin care do’s and don’ts.
Apple cider vinegar toner:
Apple cider vinegar can be a great natural toner for your skin when used correctly. To create a gentle and effective toner, you need to mix raw, unfiltered apple cider vinegar with water. The proper ratio is 1 part vinegar to 3 parts distilled water. This helps to reduce the acidity of the vinegar, making it safe for your skin, while still keeping the natural enzymes and alpha hydroxy acids that can benefit your complexion.
Once you’ve prepared the mixture, take a cotton ball and soak it in the diluted solution. Gently apply it to your skin, focusing on areas where excess oil is present. The toner will help absorb that oil and refresh your skin without being too harsh.
It’s very important to always dilute the apple cider vinegar with water. If you use it undiluted, the high acidity can cause skin irritation or even burns. Start with the diluted version, and if you notice any dryness or irritation, stop using it right away. It’s always a good idea to test a small patch of skin first to make sure it works well for you.
In summary, when used carefully, apple cider vinegar can be a natural way to balance and tone your skin, but always dilute it and listen to your skin’s needs!
2. Baking Soda: A Quick Fix for Oily Skin
Baking soda is sometimes used for acne because it can help dry out excess oil on the skin and may assist in healing pimples. However, healthcare professionals typically don’t recommend it for everyday use, as it can cause irritation, especially for those with sensitive skin. Using baking soda too much can also strip away the skin’s natural oils, which are important for maintaining a healthy skin barrier.
If you do want to try baking soda for a breakout, it’s best to use it as a spot treatment instead of applying it all over your face or body. This means you should only apply it directly to individual pimples, rather than spreading it on large areas of your skin.
To create a simple spot treatment, mix 1 tablespoon of baking soda with 1 tablespoon of water to form a paste. Gently apply the paste to the affected areas (just the pimples, not your whole face). Let the paste dry on your skin, then rinse it off after a few minutes. Keep in mind, this method is for occasional use and should not be overdone, as frequent application could cause dryness or irritation.
3. Citrus Fruit
Citrus fruits like lemons and limes contain alpha hydroxy acid, which can help unclog pores and remove dead skin cells. Their natural astringent and antibacterial properties make them great for exfoliating the skin.
To use, squeeze the juice from a lemon or lime and apply it directly to the problem spots using a cotton ball. Leave it on for about 10 minutes or until it dries, then rinse with cool water.
4. Honey
Honey has antibacterial and antiseptic qualities, making it great for healing the skin. It also soothes and moisturizes.
To use, start by rinsing your face with warm water. Then, apply honey directly to the affected areas and leave it on for 20 to 30 minutes. Afterward, rinse your face with warm water.
5. Coconut Oil
Coconut oil has natural antibacterial and antifungal properties, which can be great for your skin. It’s also soothing and absorbs quickly, helping to keep your skin moisturized.
Instead of your regular moisturizer, apply virgin coconut oil to your face before bed. It works well overnight to hydrate and nourish your skin.
You can find coconut oil online if you don’t have any at home.
6. Oatmeal and Cucumber
Cucumber and oatmeal are both great for calming and cooling the skin, perfect for reducing irritation or redness.
To make a simple face mask, blend some oatmeal and cucumber together, then put it in the freezer. Once it’s cooled, apply it to your face and leave it on for 10 to 15 minutes before washing it off. It’s an easy, natural way to refresh your skin.
Essential Skin Care Tips
Don’t Over-Wash
Washing your skin too much can strip it of its natural moisture, which can lead to increased oil production and more breakouts.
Also, very hot water can dry out your skin. It’s best to use a gentle, soap-free cleanser with cool or lukewarm water in the morning, at night, and after sweating heavily, as recommended by the Mayo Clinic.
Avoid Scrubbing
Instead of scrubbing, aim for gentle exfoliation. Use your hands or a soft washcloth with light pressure, and cleanse your skin in a circular motion. Make sure to wash and rinse thoroughly.
Afterward, pat your skin dry instead of rubbing it, and follow up with a gentle, oil-free moisturizer.
Best Practices for Healthy Skin
Taking care of your skin during pregnancy doesn’t have to be hard. Here are some simple tips to help keep your skin clear, glowing, and healthy:
- Avoid popping, picking, or squeezing acne, as this can cause more irritation and scarring.
- Drink plenty of purified water to keep your skin hydrated, and try to limit carbonated drinks and caffeine.
- Eat a healthy diet with lots of fresh fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats like avocado and nuts. Avoid too much sugar and processed foods.
- Make sure to get enough rest. Stress and lack of sleep can trigger breakouts.
- Change your pillowcases and towels regularly to avoid bacteria buildup.
- Try not to touch your face too much, as this can transfer bacteria to your skin.
- Wash your hair regularly, especially if it’s oily, and keep it off your face when possible.
- If you wear makeup, choose oil-free products labeled “non-comedogenic” or “non-acnegenic,” and always remove it before bed.
- Always check with your doctor before using over-the-counter skin treatments. Some ingredients, like salicylic acid and vitamin A, may not be safe during pregnancy.